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In vivo time-gated diffuse correlation spectroscopy at quasi-null source-detector separation

M. Pagliazzi, S. Konugolu Venkata Sekar, L. Di Sieno, L. Colombo, T. Durduran, D. Contini, A. Torricelli, A. Pifferi, and A. Dalla Mora

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Abstract

We demonstrate time domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy at quasi-null source-detector separation by using a fast time-gated single-photon avalanche diode without the need of time-tagging electronics. This approach allows for increased photon collection, simplified real-time instrumentation, and reduced probe dimensions. Depth discriminating, quasi-null distance measurement of blood flow in a human subject is presented. We envision the miniaturization and integration of matrices of optical sensors of increased spatial resolution and the enhancement of the contrast of local blood flow changes.

© 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Diagram of the experimental setup. The 12 mm source-detector separation detector is used as the standard to which the quasi-null separation TD-DCS is compared against.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 IRF of the system (orange line) and a typical distribution of photon TOFs (DTOF, blue line) detected by the fgSPAD at quasi-null distance ( ρ = 2.85   mm ) on the arm during the baseline period.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Example auto-correlation ( g 1 ) curves computed from the gated, quasi-null separation sensor from the HW (dashed line) and SW (solid line) correlators. Three periods are shown at the baseline (blue), the occlusion (red), and the HE (yellow).

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 rBFI during the arm cuff experiment, fitted from the HW correlator output. Two channels are represented, one for the gated, short separation detector (thin orange line), and one for the ungated, long separation detector (thick blue line).

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Equations (1)

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g 1 ( τ ) = ∫ Δ t 0 ∞ R ( t ) exp ( − k τ t ) d t ,
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