High-efficiency edge-coupling based on lithium niobate on an insulator wire waveguide

Ying Li; Tian Lan; Jing Li; Zhiyong Wang; Zhiyong Wang

doi:10.1364/AO.395897

Applied Optics
Vol. 59,
Issue 22,
pp. 6694-6701
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.395897

High-efficiency edge-coupling based on lithium niobate on an insulator wire waveguide

Ying Li, Tian Lan, Jing Li, and Zhiyong Wang

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Ying Li, Tian Lan, Jing Li, and Zhiyong Wang, "High-efficiency edge-coupling based on lithium niobate on an insulator wire waveguide," Appl. Opt. 59, 6694-6701 (2020)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: April 22, 2020
- Revised Manuscript: July 1, 2020
- Manuscript Accepted: July 5, 2020
- Published: July 28, 2020

Abstract

Edge-coupling on single-crystal thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) was systematically studied in this paper. An inverse taper-shaped spot-size converter (SSC) to convert the mode field from the laser chip to a nanoscale LNOI waveguide was adopted to improve the coupling efficiency. Structure of the edge coupler was fully investigated and optimized by using the eigenmode expansion method. The single-mode conditions of the LNOI waveguide for three common communication bands were taken into consideration. Further, the length and tip width of the inverse taper, the cross-section dimensions of SiON waveguide, and the sidewall angle were investigated with respect to coupling efficiency. As a result, the maximum coupling efficiency from an edge coupler to laser chip can reach 54%, 48%, and 58% at 1550, 1310, and 850 nm in Z-cut LNOI for quasi-TM mode, respectively. This proposed work gives a better understanding of the function of the edge coupler based on LNOI material and provides an appropriate method for the design of an edge coupler with high efficiency, which could benefit the further application of high-density monolithic integrated optical components.

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Wavelength ( $λ_{0}$ )	$n_{o}$	$n_{e}$
1550 nm	2.2111	2.1376
1310 nm	2.2200	2.1451
850 nm	2.2494	2.1704

			$N_{eff}$
Wavelength	Height	Width	quasi-TE mode	quasi-TM mode
1550 nm	800 nm	800 nm	1.9304	1.8669
1550 nm	450 nm	900 nm	1.8258	1.6832
1310 nm	600 nm	600 nm	1.8819	1.8199
1310 nm	350 nm	700 nm	1.7907	1.6471
850 nm	400 nm	400 nm	1.9255	1.8588
850 nm	250 nm	500 nm	1.8703	1.7226

	Structure of Taper			LN Output Waveguide Structure		SiON Input Waveguide Structure			Coupling Efficiency
Wavelength	Length	Height	Tip Width	Height	Width	Height	Width	Refractive Index	$η_{1}$	$S_{21}$	$η$
1550 nm	430 nm	800 nm	60 nm	800 nm	800 nm	3 µm	3 µm	1.5	56%	97%	54%
1550 nm	165 nm	450 nm	60 nm	450 nm	900 nm	3 µm	3 µm	1.5	56%	97%	54%
1310 nm	400 nm	600 nm	60 nm	600 nm	600 nm	3 µm	3 µm	1.5	54%	93%	48%
1310 nm	150 nm	350 nm	60 nm	350 nm	700 nm	3 µm	3 µm	1.5	54%	93%	48%
850 nm	350 nm	400 nm	60 nm	400 nm	400 nm	3 µm	3 µm	1.47	67%	60%	40%
	270 nm	250 nm	60 nm	250 nm	500 nm	3 µm	3 µm	1.47	67%	60%	40%
	600 nm	250 nm	60 nm	250 nm	500 nm	3 µm	3 µm	1.47	67%	87%	58%

Wavelength ( $λ_{0}$ )	$n_{o}$	$n_{e}$
1550 nm	2.2111	2.1376
1310 nm	2.2200	2.1451
850 nm	2.2494	2.1704

			$N_{eff}$
Wavelength	Height	Width	quasi-TE mode	quasi-TM mode
1550 nm	800 nm	800 nm	1.9304	1.8669
1550 nm	450 nm	900 nm	1.8258	1.6832
1310 nm	600 nm	600 nm	1.8819	1.8199
1310 nm	350 nm	700 nm	1.7907	1.6471
850 nm	400 nm	400 nm	1.9255	1.8588
850 nm	250 nm	500 nm	1.8703	1.7226

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Applied Optics