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Topology optimization and fabrication of photonic crystal structures

P. I. Borel, A. Harpøth, L. H. Frandsen, M. Kristensen, P. Shi, J. S. Jensen, and O. Sigmund

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Topology optimization is used to design a planar photonic crystal waveguide component resulting in significantly enhanced functionality. Exceptional transmission through a photonic crystal waveguide Z-bend is obtained using this inverse design strategy. The design has been realized in a silicon-on-insulator based photonic crystal waveguide. A large low loss bandwidth of more than 200 nm for the TE polarization is experimentally confirmed.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (2)

Media 1: MOV (150 KB)     
Media 2: MOV (482 KB)     

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Top: Standard and two modified Z-bend waveguides. Bottom: Transmission through the bends calculated using a 2D frequency domain finite element model.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Left: Schematic illustration of the topology optimization procedure. The yellow area sketches the design domain of one bend. Middle: (149 kB) Movie of how the material is redistributed in the design domain in the optimization procedure. In about 600 iteration steps a final design is obtained that has optimized transmission properties. Right: (482 kB) Movie of TE polarized light propagating through the topology optimized Z-bend.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. The transmission for TE polarized light through the un-optimized (standard) design (black) and the optimized design (blue). The transmission spectra are based on a 2D frequency domain finite element model.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrograph of the fabricated Z-bend. The number, shape and size of the holes at each bend are designed using topology optimization. The inset shows a magnified view of the optimized holes as designed (white contour) and actually fabricated.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Experimental setup used to characterize the waveguide samples.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. The measured (gray) and 3D FDTD calculated (red) loss per bend for TE polarized light in the fabricated structure. Also shown is the 3D FDTD calculated bend loss for the un-optimized (black) Z-bend.

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