Abstract
We report the first monolithic resonator crystal fiber optical device, a liquid nitrogen-cooled ruby fiber laser. The laser resonator structure is simply formed by the fiber waveguide and the polished fiber endfaces. The fiber oscillator was 15 mm long with a mean diameter of 60 μm. The lowest-order optical mode for such a fiber has a beam waist approximately one-third the fiber diameter or 20 μm, implying a Rayleigh length in ruby of 3.2 mm. The 15-mm long fiber laser is thus approximately five Rayleigh lengths long and may be considered a guided wave device. In these fibers the waveguiding interface is the ruby liquid nitrogen boundary at the fiber periphery. The large refractive-index difference between these materials coupled with fiber diameter variations of ~2 % leads to substantial waveguide losses.
© 1985 Optical Society of America
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