Abstract
Efficient infrared-to-visible upconversion in rare-earth compounds was first observed as early as in 1969.1,2 Two, three and four-photon processes were found responsible for blue, green or red fluorescence when doped crystals (e.g. BaLuF5:5% Yb3+, 3% Ho3+ or YsOCl7:Yb3+, Er3+) were irradiated with an Si-doped GaAs luminescent diode operating at a wave length of about 930 nm. Infrared- pumped visible lasers (operating at liquid nitrogen temperature) in Yb3+ or Er3+-doped crystals were demonstrated in Refs. 3 and 4. The rare-earth doped compounds contained a few percent of Yb3+ or Er3+ ions.
© 1993 Optical Society of America
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