Abstract
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are presently the subject of intense research due to their potential as compact, efficient, astigmatic laser sources for a number of important applications. Interest in these devices has increased still further due to recent reports of record-low thresholds1 and record-high wall-plug efficiencies.2 Most of the prevalent VCSEL designs operate in multiple lateral modes, however, limiting their usefulness.
© 1996 Optical Society of America
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