Abstract
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL’s) having stable single mode emission are desirable for a variety application from optical interconnects to optical communication. However, it is not easy to have stable single-mode operation from the conventional VCSEL structure due to spatial hole burning and thermal lensing. Several attempts to achieve single mode operation have been reported such as anti-guiding1 and surface etching.2
© 2002 Optical Society of America
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