Abstract
Waveguides can be introduced into two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) by the introduction of a line defect, the best known example of which is the removal of a line of scatterers.12 In fact, the width h of the guide, which is zero for a perfect crystal, can be freely chosen. The dispersion curves for a family of such waveguides is shown in Fig. 1. It corresponds to the T - X direction for TM polarization in a square lattice of period d, with a single cylinder of refractive index 3 and radius 0.3d in each unit cell. Shaded regions indicate the bands of the perfectly periodic structure, where a line defect cannot have modes. Fig. 1 shows that multi-mode propagation arises in guides of sufficient width and that single mode propagation can be maintained for very thin guides, with the dispersion curve then located just below the upper band edge.
© 2002 Optical Society of America
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