Author Affiliations

Zhaoyi Li,¹ You Zhou,² Hao Qi,³ Norman Nan Shi,¹ Qiwei Pan,³ Ming Lu,⁵ Aaron Stein,⁵ Christopher Y. Li,³ Shriram Ramanathan,^2,4,* and Nanfang Yu^1,*

¹Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA

²John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

³Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

⁴School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

⁵Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA

^*Corresponding author: shriram@purdue.edu, ny2214@columbia.edu