Abstract

Complex optical systems with periodic gain and loss modulations provide a new platform to develop artificial materials with novel properties [1]. In given conditions, combining index modulations and balanced loss and gain profiles, such systems become classical analogues of quantum systems described by non Hermitian Parity-Time- (PT-) symmetric Hamiltonians [2]. The pioneering works based on one-dimensional (1D) PT-symmetric optical systems demonstrated intriguing new features, such as PT phase transitions, realizations of unidirectional invisible media or unidirectional waveguide transmitters [3].

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