Abstract

A single photon exhibits wave-particle duality in the Young’s double-slit interferometer. The duality characterized by an interference visibility V as the wave-like property and a which-path information D as the particle-like property has trade-off relation D² +V² ≤ 1 known as complementarity [4,5]. Despite having a long history, all previous studies have been related to phase correlation of optical states, which reason would be why the main focus in the first place is the investigation of the mysterious quantum nature of a photon, including the superposition principle.

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