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Metallic Annular Apertures Arrays filled by Lithium Niobate to Enhance Non-Linear Conversion: Theory and Fabrication

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Abstract

Light propagation can be controlled over small distances because of the photonic crystals effects [1,2]. These properties can provide very interesting phenomena such as the presence of flat bands in the dispersion diagram leading to very small values of group velocity [3]. Such slow light modes are usually used to enhance non-linear responses through the confinement of light induced by the energy storage. Our study is based on slow light modes for 2D photonic crystals. The propagation direction is considered off-plane and it corresponds to propagation along the axis of the holes. In this case, a sub-wavelength structure, operating on the Γ point, exhibits enhanced optical transmission (EOT) which is due to the excitation and the propagation of a guided mode inside sub-wavelength cavities [4]. In case of the annular aperture array (AAA), this mode, named the TE11-like mode, has a cutoff frequency for which the enhanced transmission occurs [5]. In our work, we propose and theoretically study, using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, a metallo-dielectric photonic crystal (MDPhC) based on metallic AAA associated to a nonlinear material (LiNbO3) for second harmonic generation (SHG) applications. Thus, our structure consists of filling a sub wavelength AAA, made in silver, by this dielectric material. This whole structure is deposited on lithium niobate (LiNbO3 substrate). This material has been chosen because of its well-known large second-order susceptibility χ2. The proposed device is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1.

© 2011 Optical Society of America

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