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Dense profiling of UTLS water vapour from low earth orbit using spatial heterodyne spectroscopy: Practical considerations, challenges and solutions

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Abstract

The Spatial Heterodyne Observations of Water instrument (SHOW) is a limb imaging instrument that is being developed to provide accurate, dense, high vertical resolution measurements of water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. SHOW utilizes a field widened spatial heterodyne spectrometer operating in the limb viewing configuration to observe limb scattered sunlight in a small ~3 nm spectral window centered near 1365 nm. Vertically resolved images of the limb absorption spectrum are obtained with each frame that are inverted using non-linear optimal estimation to extract the vertical distribution of water vapour. The large throughput and high spectral resolution (0.02 nm unapodized) provided by the field widened SHS allows vertical profiles with a target vertical resolution of < 500 m to be obtained with rapid along track sampling (~50 km below 20 km and between 100 km – 300 km above 20 km) from a low earth orbit satellite. In this paper, we present the SHOW measurement concept and examine the practical considerations that influence design tradeoffs. We discuss the challenges and solutions that have been identified to optimize the instrument configuration and present an end-to-end simulation of the level 0 measurements, calibrations and level 2 water vapour product.

© 2021 The Author(s)

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