Abstract

LiNbO₃ has been extensively used for integrated optic applications primarily due to properties which lend themselves to high electro-optic efficiency and simplicity of low loss guided circuit fabrication. The Ti-diffusion technique has been the dominant technology in LiNbO₃ [1]. Certain deficiencies in that technology along with emerging new requirements on device specifications led to the introduction of the proton-exchange method [2], and later to the annealed-proton-exchange method [3] which has, in certain respects yielded greatly improved overall waveguide properties for single polarization applications [4,5,16].

© 1989 Optical Society of America