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Photorefractive two-wave coupling in LiNbO3 waveguides has been reported as an instability that couples orthogonally polarized TE and TM modes in either a Z-cut, Y-propagating orientation1 or an X-cut, Z-propagating orientation.2 We find that the throughput instability reported in Z-cut proton-exchanged Mg:LiNbO3 channel waveguides, which leads to severe instability in cw Cerenkov second-harmonic generation,3 is due to strong coupling between counterpropagating modes.
© 1990 Optical Society of America
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