Author Affiliations

P. Lagasse,¹ G. Franssens,¹ P. Kaczmarski,¹ H. Nolting,^1,* C. Weinert,^1,* N. Maken,^1,† H. Bastiaansen,^1,† J. van der Tol,^1,† E. Pennings,^1,‡ G. Krijnen,^1,¶ H. Hoekstra,^1,¶ Th. Popma,^1,¶ A. Tervonen,^1,§ O. Leminger,^1,** G. Zesch,^1,** J. Gu,^1,†† R. Taylor,^1,‡‡ D. Robbins,^1,‡‡ J. Buus,^1,‡‡ I. Croston,^1,¶¶ D. Catzula,^1,§§ A. Galtarossa,^1,§§ C. Someda,^1,§§ P. Di Vita,^1,*** M. Potenza,^1,*** G. Lapenta,^1,††† J. Gerdes,^1,‡‡‡ R. Pregla,^1,‡‡‡ and R. Clauberg^1,¶¶¶

¹Laboratory of Electromagnetism and Acoustics, University of Gent-IMEC, Sint Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Gent, Belgium

^*Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, D-1000 Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany

^†Dr. Neher Laboratory, Dutch PTT, Postbus 421, 2260 AK Lcidschendam, The Netherlands

^‡Faculteit der Elektrotechniek, Tcchnische Universitcit Delft, Postbus 5031, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands

^¶University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands

^§Technical Research Center of Finland, Semiconductor Laboratory, Otakaari7B, SF-02150 Espoo, Finland

^**Deutsche Bundespost TELEKOM, Postfach 10 00 03, D-6100 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany

^††Institute for Quantum Electronics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Hoenggerbcrg, CH-S093 Zurich, Switzerland

^‡‡Plessey Research Caswell Limited, Towcester, Nortluints NN128EQ, UK

^¶¶GEC Marconi Research Centre, West Hanningfield Road, Great Baddow, Chelmsford, Essex CM2 8HN, UK

^§§University of Padova, Dipartimento di Ellettronica e Informatica, Via Gradenigo 6/A, Padova, Italy

^***CSELT, Via G. Reiss, Romoli 274, 10148 Torino, Italy

^†††Politechnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Energetica, C. su Duca Degli Abruzzi, 26 Torino, Italy

^‡‡‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Fern Universität Hagen, Postfach 940, D-5800 Hagen, Federal Republic of Germany

^¶¶¶IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland