Abstract

The beams that emit from lasers are typically have a Gaussian spatial profile. Yet the field profile that emits from a uniform grating is one of a decaying exponential [1]. This fundamental mismatch prevents high efficiency (> 90%) coupling of light into compact waveguides. This limitation has been supported by the difficulty of making high precision waveguide gratings in the near infrared on semiconductor surfaces, especially when non-uniform.

© 1994 Optical Society of America