Abstract
Transformation of modal properties through axial tapering of the structure of a dielectric waveguide is useful in several contexts. Mode size transformation with a tapered waveguide allows independent optimization of the mode size in different portions of a waveguide to simultaneously achieve effective input and output coupling and for efficient performance of active or electrooptic devices. An adiabatic taper from a single to a multimode waveguide also allows robust coupling into the fundamental mode of a multimode waveguide, important in certain types of nonlinear waveguide devices, such as difference frequency generators, that involve interactions between modes at widely disparate wavelengths. Periodically-segmented waveguides (PSWs), investigated both theoretically1,2,3 and experimentally4,5 in the literature, allow independent control over vertical and lateral confinement, and thus can be used to tailor the size and shape of waveguide modes. In this paper we report tapers in annealed-proton-exchanged (APE) waveguides in LiNbO3 through the use of segmented waveguides with axially varying duty cycle.
© 1996 Optical Society of America
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