Abstract
Modes in optical waveguide with two-dimensional confinement are not strictly TE or TM but hybrid in nature, which means that all the six components of the vector magnetic and electric fields are present. For the fundamental quasi-TE (Hy11) mode the Hy component is the dominant one and the non-dominant Hx component is often very small. Similarly, for the fundamental quasi-TM (Hx11) mode its Hx component is the dominant and the Hy component is the non-dominant one. In this study the modal hybridness is defined as the ratio of the non-dominant to the dominant field components, i.e. Hx/Hy and Hy/Hx for the quasi-TE and TM modes, respectively. Modal hybridness is higher for semiconductor waveguides compared to silica waveguides because of their high index contrast, An. It has also been shown that a waveguide with a slanted sidewall, where structural symmetry is broken, and when two fundamental modes are nearly phase-matched, modal hybridness is enhanced considerably, and these features have been exploited to design passive polarization rotators [1].
© 2002 Optical Society of America
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