Abstract

Integrated optics has long held the promise of low-cost components through the integration of multiple functions on a common substrate. Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) and lithium niobate modulators were the first two integrated-optic components to receive widespread acceptance in the telecommunications industry. However, because they reside on different substrate materials, full integration of these two important functions has not been possible.

© 2003 Optical Society of America