Abstract
The second-order nonlinear polarizabilities α(2) of molecules are often determined by the dc field-induced second harmonic generation method for the fluid phase and by the powder method for the solid phase. Both methods rely on some statistical analyses assuming knowledge of some material parameters. Here we introduce a new method that allows us to measure α(2) of some organic molecules more directly. It is based on the possibilities that an orientationally ordered monolayer of these molecules can be spread on a liquid surface, and second harmonic generation (SHG) from such a monolayer can be observed. The technique has the advantage of a low background level, an easily controllable surface density of molecules, and a relatively high sensitivity.
© 1986 Optical Society of America
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