Abstract

In the last years a unique quantum mechanical treatment of semiconductor lasers and amplifiers using nonequilibrium Green’s functions has been established.^[1] It includes nonequilibrium and many-body effects well-studied in passive materials. Furthermore, the quantized description of the light field ensures the consistent inclusion of spontaneous emission and the photon Green’s function provides a natural way to calculate correlation functions without refering to a Langevin formalism but by considering all interactions dynamically via kinetic equations.

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