Abstract
Most crystalline upconversion visible lasers demonstrated to date operate at cryogenic temperatures. Since many of these laser transitions terminate on a Stark level of the ground state or a long-lived intermediate state, thermally activated population of these laser terminating levels results in substantial absorption losses. This is generally considered to be one of the reasons for the failure of upconversion lasers to operate at room temperature.
© 1994 Optical Society of America
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