Abstract

The studies of insulator to superfluid transitions in many body systems[1] and their realization in optical lattices [2] have opened great possibilities for simulating many body systems. It is thus interesting to explore which other systems permit such phases and simulations, especially if the problem of accessibility of the individual sites is not present. Particularly arresting will be to find such phases in a system of photons which, by being non-interacting, are unlikely candidates for the studies of many-body phenomena. Here we show that a Mott phase can arise in an array of coupled high Q electromagnetic cavities between which photons can hop, when each cavity is coupled to a single two level system (atom/quantum dot/Cooper pair)[5]. In this phase each atom-cavity system has the same integral number of polaritonic (atomic plus photonic) excitations. It occurs for resonant photonic and atomic frequencies when photon blockade [3, 4] provides an effective repulsion between the excitations in each atom-cavity system. Detuning the atomic and photonic frequencies suppresses this repulsion and induces a transition from the Mott phase to a photonic superfluid. We also show that for zero detuning, the system can simulate the dynamics of a spin chain with arbitrary number of excitations and can be used to implement quantum information processing tasks[6, 7].

© 2007 IEEE