Abstract
Electro-optic (EO) modulators are widely used in long-haul optical fiber communication systems and microwave photonic systems owing to the excellent modulation characteristic of high speed, broad bandwidth, high stability, and good reliability. Especially, LiNbO3/LiTaO3 modulators enables us to control the amplitude and phase of a lightwave precisely at high-speed since unwanted frequency chirping is extremely small. Now, LiNbO3 vector modulators using a double Mach-Zehnder waveguide are prerequisite for advanced high-density data transmission.
© 2013 Japan Society of Applied Physics, Optical Society of America
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