Abstract

Graphene, a two-dimensional crystal of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has attracted a great attention due to its outstanding mechanical, thermal and electronic properties. In addition, graphene shows a strong tunable light-matter interaction that depends on the Fermi level. For practical use of graphene in broadband nonlinear photonic applications, however, substantial increases of the light-matter interaction strength will be required while preserving the promising features of monolayers, as the interaction of light with a single atomic layer is limited due to the extremely short interaction length and low density of state, particularly for the long-wavelength region.

© 2017 Japan Society of Applied Physics, Optical Society of America