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LIBS for Real-Time Equivalence Ratio Measurements in a Spark-Ignited Engine

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Abstract

The instantaneous air-to-fuel ratio (A/F) has a large effect on spark-ignited engine performance. Specifically, fluctuations in A/F influence performance, efficiency, and engine-out emissions. Benefits of improved control of A/F include enhancement of the aforementioned metrics, as well as potential for extension of the lean limit. Current direct research measurement methods providing data for individual charge A/F are limited to in-cylinder Raman scattering measurements of nitrogen and fuel. Indirect methods that have been applied to transient engine control include mapping using neural network algorithms, applied to engine airflow, and feed-forward control based on engine models. Emission sensing has been primarily limited to flow sensors such as the UEGO (Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen) sensors, which are too slow to resolve individual cylinder / charge A/F.

© 2002 Optical Society of America

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