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Thermal driving and electric driving of metal Ga/In in nanotubes aiming at NTMs and NEMs

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Abstract

Ga filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and oxide nanotubes were fabricated. It is demonstrated that the Ga filled CNTs can serve as nanothermometers or thermal driving units for nanoscale thermally mechanical systems (NTMs): (1) Ga filling in the CNTs linearly changes its volume with temperature in the range of 50-500 ºC; (2) the nanoscale Ga (d>10 nm) retains the expansion coefficient of macroscale Ga; (3)Oxidization of Ga filling’s tip at a relative high temperature can be utilized as temperature recording principle; (4) Nanothermometers with high sensitivity (Ga filled in MgO nanotubes) and wide measuring range (Ga filled silica nanotubes) were obtained; (5)In-filled MgO nanotubes can serve as temperature switch with protective point around 150 ºC. It is also demonstrated that Ga filled NTs can serve as electric driving units for nanoscale electrically mechanical systems (NEMs): (1) Under in situ electron-beam irradiation, an abnormally large and fast expansion driving of Ga in a silica-shelled Ga microball-nanotube was observed; (2) Electric driving gallium movement in carbon nanotubes was studied and these results are valuable for designing electrically driven nanomass delivery and nanoswitches, respectively. Above researches indicate that Ga/In filled nanotubes can be fabricated as units aiming at NTMs and NEMs.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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