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Energy of internal modes and universality of complex frequencies in systems with broken symmetries: Examples from intracavity optics and BE

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Abstract

Unifying explanation to the ubiquity of instabilities with complex frequencies of localised structures in coherently pumped nonlinear optical cavities and vortices in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates is suggested. It is based on notion of the energy sign of the internal modes of nonlinear waves and symmetry breaking ideas.

© 2001 Optical Society of America

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