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Amplified 32 × 32 Star Coupler Module with Gain

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Abstract

A passive N × N star coupler plays a central role in many high throughput multiple-access optical WDM networks. However, its inherent 1 /N power splitting and excess loss may limit the ultimate size of the star coupler. One way to overcome this problem is to use erbium-doped fiber (EDF) amplifiers to compensate for the splitting and excess loss of the star. The number of EDF amplifiers and the choice of their locations in the star network decide the complexity and cost of the network. Full compensation for the loss of large stars can be achieved by incorporating an EDF amplifier as an optical preamplifier at the receiver of each node, however, each receiving port requires its own EDF and associated pump laser at a cost which can be prohibitive.

© 1993 Optical Society of America

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