Abstract

The standard first-order refraction equation has been rewritten in vector notation for application to nonaxially symmetric optical systems. This makes it possible to map several object points through the system and therefore visualize the image of the entire object plane. This image is a bounded curved surface. Given the shape of the image surface, it is possible to quickly evaluate a configuration of mirrors and/or lenses for application to a given design problem. Several designs are discussed, including some systems in which third-order theory predictions are seriously misleading. If time permits, techniques for determining the amount of keystone and anamorphism present will also be discussed.

© 1986 Optical Society of America