Abstract

Regarding isolated zeros occurring in the modulus distribution of 2-D Fourier space, using the most simplified model, this paper clarifies: (i) the condition of occurrence including why the zeros occur in pairs; (ii) behavior of phase and phase gradient vectors in their neighborhood; (iii) the reason why phase ambiguity is produced; and (iv) derivation of the phase retrieval condition from the phase gradient vectors without ambiguity.

© 1991 Optical Society of America