Abstract

Smart pixels, the integration of photodetector arrays and processing electronics on a single semiconductor chip, have been driven by its capability to perform parallel processing of large pixelated images and in real-time reduce a complex image into a manageable stream of signals that can be brought off-chip.¹-² In recent years, optical modulators and emitters have been integrated with photodetectors and on-chip electronics.³-⁵ The driving applications for this have been highly parallel optical interconnects and optical switching networks.

© 1997 Optical Society of America