Author Affiliations

Philip Tinnefeld,^1,* Guillermo P. Acuna,² Qingshan Wei,³ Aydogan Ozcan,^4,5,6 Carolin Vietz,⁷ Birka Lalkens,⁷ Kateryna Trofymchuk,¹ Cindy M. Close,¹ Hakan Inan,¹ Sarah Ochmann,¹ Lennart Grabenhorst,¹ and Viktorija Glembockyte¹

¹Department Chemie and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstr. 5-13 Haus E, 81377 Muenchen, Germany

²Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Muse´e 3, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland

³Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

⁴Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095

⁵Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095

⁶California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095

⁷Institute for Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Braunschweig University of Technology, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany

^*Corresponding author: Philip.tinnefeld@cup.uni-muenchen.de