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High photorefractive response is obtained in the LiNbO3 waveguides fabricated by copper exchange and helium implantation. Fanning of guided light is found to be a main limiting factor for holographic recording of refractive index grating with high diffraction efficiency at small grating length, that is required for fabrication of micro-Bragg reflectors. We show that fanning can be suppressed sufficiently by use of Mg-doped LiNbO3 instead of nominally pure substrates for waveguides fabrication. Also, low-dose proton implantation has been used to dramatically reduce the fanning effect in He-implanted Cu:LiNbO3 waveguides.
© 2003 Optical Society of America
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