Abstract

A primary objective of laser-cooling research is the study of quantum collective effects for many-partide systems. For trapped ions, the goal is to produce an ensemble of particles in a single quantum state of the external trapping field. Improvements in the ability to cool the ions to the lowest possible temperatures are crucial to this research. Here, we explore techniques for cooling ions and, in particular, ionic crystals below the Doppler cooling limit.

© 1995 Optical Society of America