Abstract
Precise measurement of optical frequencies is a critical technology for metrology applications like time and length standards, but also for tests of QED (Lamb shift in hydrogen, proton size).1 Measuring optical frequencies implies connecting them to a known standard by means of a frequency chain. There exists, therefore, a real need for new, highly efficient optical mixing schemes compatible with cw, low power, frequency-stabilized lasers.
© 1997 Optical Society of America
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