Abstract
Computation based on quantum physics offers capabilities impossible with traditional computation, from modelling complex quantum systems1, to defeating widely-used encryption protocols2. Quantum computation requires entangling quantum-logic gates: to date, there have been demonstrations of gates in a range of physical architectures, ranging from trapped ions3,4 and atoms5, to superconducting circuits6, to single photons7−14. Photon polarisation experiences essentially zero decoherence in free space; uniquely, photonic gates have been fully characterised8, produced the highest entanglement10, and are the fastest of any architecture13. The combination of long decoherence time and fast gate speeds make photonic architectures a promising approach for quantum computation, where large numbers of gates will need to be executed within the coherence lifetime of the qubits.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
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