Abstract

Four proposed new methods of holographic microscopy will be described and discussed. Atoms are the "source" of the "reference beam." which can be 1.) scattered x-rays, 2.) characteristic x-rays emitted by the atom, 3.) scattered low-energy electrons, 4.) photoelectrons or Auger-electrons emitted by the atom. The "object" is the reference atom's close vicinity. The hologram is recorded on a curved screen at a macroscopic distance ("Fourier-transform holography",) and it is reproduced by computor. The methods are capable of atomic resolution (<1A ) and three dimensional imaging, but they are restricted to the study of objects that come in large numbers and can be crystallized on surfaces. This way an incoherent sum of holograms is obtained.

© 1986 Optical Society of America