Efficient internal and surface fingerprint extraction and blending using optical coherence tomography

Luke Nicholas Darlow; James Connan

doi:10.1364/AO.54.009258

Applied Optics
Vol. 54,
Issue 31,
pp. 9258-9268
(2015)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.009258

Efficient internal and surface fingerprint extraction and blending using optical coherence tomography

Luke Nicholas Darlow and James Connan

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Luke Nicholas Darlow and James Connan, "Efficient internal and surface fingerprint extraction and blending using optical coherence tomography," Appl. Opt. 54, 9258-9268 (2015)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Optical Coherence Tomography
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: July 21, 2015
- Revised Manuscript: September 11, 2015
- Manuscript Accepted: October 1, 2015
- Published: October 28, 2015
Virtual Issues
Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics Vol. 11, Iss. 1

Abstract

Optical coherence tomography provides a 3D representation of fingertip skin where surface and internal fingerprints are found. These fingerprints are topographically identical. However, the surface skin is prone to damage, distortion, and spoofing; and the internal fingerprint is difficult to access and extract. This research presents a novel scaling-resolution approach to fingerprint zone detection and extraction. Furthermore, a local-quality-based blending procedure is also proposed. The accuracy of the zone-detection algorithm is comparable to an earlier work, yielding a mean-squared error of 25.9 and structural similarity of 95.8% (compared to a ground-truth estimate). Blending the surface and internal fingerprints improved the National Institute of Science and Technology’s Fingerprint Image Quality scores and the average maximum match scores (when matched against conventional surface counterparts). The fingerprint blending procedure was able to combine high-quality regions from both fingerprints, thus mitigating surface wrinkles and anomalous poor-quality regions. Furthermore, spoof detection via a surface-to-internal fingerprint comparison was proposed and tested.

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	Advantages	Disadvantages
Internal	Protected from damage	Difficult to access
	No scanning distortion	Difficult to extract
	Difficult to spoof	Low contrast
	Identical to surface
Surface	Widely accepted	Subject to distortion
	Easy to access	Subject to damage
	Higher contrast	Easy to spoof

Procedure	Parameters
UM1	Blur window size	$31 \times 31 pixels$
	Original multiplication factor	1.5
	Blurred multiplication factor	−0.5
Erosion	Window size	$3 \times 3 pixels$
Median	Window size	5
CLAHE1	Clip limit	1.0
CLAHE1	Block size	$25 \times 25 pixels$
UM2	Blur window size	$31 \times 31 pixels$
	Original multiplication factor	1.0
	Blurred multiplication factor	−0.5
CLAHE2	Clip limit	2.0
CLAHE2	Block size	$15 \times 15 pixels$
UM3	Blur window size	$31 \times 31 pixels$
	Original multiplication factor	2
	Blurred multiplication factor	−1

Final Sparsity Factor	MSE	H	SSIM	RMS-C
8	76.6	363	93.0%	96.7
4	38.9	276	94.8%	97.0
2	29.1	272	95.7%	97.4
1	25.9	272	95.8%	97.6

Type	$s f$	OCL	Mean Match	Max Match
Internal	8	$0.336 \pm 0.036$	$31 \pm 17$	$49 \pm 25$
Internal	4	$0.327 \pm 0.035$	$28 \pm 14$	$44 \pm 19$
Internal	2	$0.323 \pm 0.038$	$27 \pm 12$	$45 \pm 19$
Internal	1	$0.324 \pm 0.039$	$28 \pm 14$	$45 \pm 23$
Surface	8	$0.255 \pm 0.074$	$33 \pm 24$	$40 \pm 19$
Surface	4	$0.230 \pm 0.076$	$34 \pm 26$	$44 \pm 21$
Surface	2	$0.231 \pm 0.079$	$35 \pm 27$	$40 \pm 14$
Surface	1	$0.234 \pm 0.077$	$34 \pm 26$	$44 \pm 14$
Blended	8	$0.263 \pm 0.031$	$27 \pm 12$	$53 \pm 40$
Blended	4	$0.253 \pm 0.054$	$28 \pm 14$	$55 \pm 44$
Blended	2	$0.242 \pm 0.046$	$25 \pm 9$	$55 \pm 44$
Blended	1	$0.251 \pm 0.055$	$28 \pm 10$	$55 \pm 41$

	Advantages	Disadvantages
Internal	Protected from damage	Difficult to access
	No scanning distortion	Difficult to extract
	Difficult to spoof	Low contrast
	Identical to surface
Surface	Widely accepted	Subject to distortion
	Easy to access	Subject to damage
	Higher contrast	Easy to spoof

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Applied Optics