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Abstract
Weakly coupled mode-division multiplexing (MDM) transmission over legacy laid multimode fiber (MMF) has great economic efficiency and can enormously enhance the capacity of short-reach optical interconnections. In order to be compatible with cost-efficient intensity-modulation/direct-detection (IM/DD) transceivers, weakly coupled mode-group demultiplexers that can simultaneously receive each mode group of MMFs are highly desired. In this paper, we propose a scalable low-modal-crosstalk mode-group demultiplexer over MMF based on multiplane light conversion (MPLC). Multiple input Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes of MMF are first converted to bridging modes that are composed of ${{\rm HG}_{00}}$ modes distributed as a right-angle triangle in Cartesian coordinates, and then each ${{\rm HG}_{00}}$ mode belonging to a degenerate mode group is mapped to different overlapped ${{\rm HG}_{n0}}$ modes with vertical orientation for simultaneous detection. With the help of bridging modes, the MPLC-based mode-group demultiplexer can efficiently demultiplex all mode groups in standard MMFs with less than 20 phase masks. A nine-mode-group demultiplexer is further designed for demonstration, and simulation results show that the MPLC-based demultiplexer achieves low modal crosstalk of lower than ${-}{22.3}\;{\rm dB}$ at 1550 nm and lower than ${-}{17.9}\;{\rm dB}$ over the C-band for all the nine mode groups with only 16 phase masks.
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