Visual losses in early-onset and late-onset Parkinson’s disease
Claudia Feitosa-Santana, Marcelo Fernandes Costa, Henrique Ballalai Ferraz, Luiz Augusto F. Andrade, Ana Laura Moura, Edson Amaro, Russell D. Hamer, and Dora Fix Ventura
Claudia Feitosa-Santana,1,2,3,*
Marcelo Fernandes Costa,1,2
Henrique Ballalai Ferraz,4
Luiz Augusto F. Andrade,5
Ana Laura Moura,6,7
Edson Amaro, Jr.,5
Russell D. Hamer,8
and Dora Fix Ventura1,2
1Núcleo de Neurociências e Comportamento, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
2Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
3Neurociência para Desenvolvimento Humano, São Paulo, Brazil
4Departmento de Neurologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
5Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
6Disciplina de Oftalmologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
7Departmento de Oftalmologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
8Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
Claudia Feitosa-Santana, Marcelo Fernandes Costa, Henrique Ballalai Ferraz, Luiz Augusto F. Andrade, Ana Laura Moura, Edson Amaro, Russell D. Hamer, and Dora Fix Ventura, "Visual losses in early-onset and late-onset Parkinson’s disease," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 37, A285-A293 (2020)
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) manifest visual losses. However, it is not known whether these losses are equivalent in both early-onset (EOPD) and late-onset (LOPD) patients. We evaluated contrast sensitivity and color vision in EOPD and LOPD patients and in age-matched controls. Losses occurred in both patient groups but were more pronounced in EOPD, consistent with the notion that non-motor symptoms are affected by age of symptom onset. More studies of visual function in EOPD and LOPD patients are needed to understand how aging is related to the pathophysiology of non-motor PD symptomatology. This would permit earlier diagnosis and, perhaps, better management of the disease.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
ID, identification, PD subtype (EOPD or LOPD); sex; age; symptom duration in years; age of symptom onset; tested eye (right or left); VA, visual acuity (logMAR); previous history, family (Y-positive for relative with PD and N-negative for relative with PD); obs, observation (M, maternal line, P, paternal line, and B, brothers); edu, education (1, secondary; 2, high school; 3, college); obs, observation (I, incomplete and C, complete); diseases; rur, rural residence and number of years; occupational exposure; other diseases: pres, in the present; hal, hallucination; obs, observation; other abbreviations: Dep, depression; DLP, dyslipidemia; HBP, hypertension blood pressure; RF, rheumatic fever; gest toxo, gestational toxoplasmosis; GAD, general anxiety disorder; DK, don’t know.
Statistical Summary for Both CS and CV Tests: the Achromatic Spatiotemporal CS Test and the Trivector Test (CV) for 28 Overall PD Patients, 19 EOPD Patients, and 9 LOPD Patients (8 LOPD Patients for CV Test), Compared to Their Respective Controlsa
Overall PD
EOPD
LOPD
Condition
-value
-value
-value
low-SF/high-TF
inc.
22.79
18.44
3.73
.070
dec.
28.39
27.34
3.99
.061
low-SF/low-TF
inc.
26.51
11.56
.002
19.08
dec.
20.86
11.10
9.53
.005
high-SF/high-TF
inc.
15.79
16.30
1.00
.331
dec.
9.81
6.87
.013
2.24
.154
high-SF/low-TF
inc.
39.53
128.91
8.70
dec.
37.21
28.86
5.56
.003
Protan
9.38
.003
7.79
.013
3.02
.09
Deutan
12.20
14.67
.002
2.80
.10
Tritan
0.89
.35
0.87
.37
0.28
.60
The statistically significant p-values ${ \lt }\;.{05}$ are indicated in bold. Effect sizes for the CS test were .46 for overall PD, .59 for EOPD, and .66 for LOPD; for the CV test they were .33 for overall PD, .18 for EOPD, and .06 for LOPD.
ID, identification, PD subtype (EOPD or LOPD); sex; age; symptom duration in years; age of symptom onset; tested eye (right or left); VA, visual acuity (logMAR); previous history, family (Y-positive for relative with PD and N-negative for relative with PD); obs, observation (M, maternal line, P, paternal line, and B, brothers); edu, education (1, secondary; 2, high school; 3, college); obs, observation (I, incomplete and C, complete); diseases; rur, rural residence and number of years; occupational exposure; other diseases: pres, in the present; hal, hallucination; obs, observation; other abbreviations: Dep, depression; DLP, dyslipidemia; HBP, hypertension blood pressure; RF, rheumatic fever; gest toxo, gestational toxoplasmosis; GAD, general anxiety disorder; DK, don’t know.
Statistical Summary for Both CS and CV Tests: the Achromatic Spatiotemporal CS Test and the Trivector Test (CV) for 28 Overall PD Patients, 19 EOPD Patients, and 9 LOPD Patients (8 LOPD Patients for CV Test), Compared to Their Respective Controlsa
Overall PD
EOPD
LOPD
Condition
-value
-value
-value
low-SF/high-TF
inc.
22.79
18.44
3.73
.070
dec.
28.39
27.34
3.99
.061
low-SF/low-TF
inc.
26.51
11.56
.002
19.08
dec.
20.86
11.10
9.53
.005
high-SF/high-TF
inc.
15.79
16.30
1.00
.331
dec.
9.81
6.87
.013
2.24
.154
high-SF/low-TF
inc.
39.53
128.91
8.70
dec.
37.21
28.86
5.56
.003
Protan
9.38
.003
7.79
.013
3.02
.09
Deutan
12.20
14.67
.002
2.80
.10
Tritan
0.89
.35
0.87
.37
0.28
.60
The statistically significant p-values ${ \lt }\;.{05}$ are indicated in bold. Effect sizes for the CS test were .46 for overall PD, .59 for EOPD, and .66 for LOPD; for the CV test they were .33 for overall PD, .18 for EOPD, and .06 for LOPD.