Design and research of a dual-parameter photonic crystal fiber sensor

Yue Feng; Yue Feng; Wenbo Zhang; Tao Xu; Longhao Huang; Chi Liu; Chi Liu; Tao Shen; Tao Shen

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.478837

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 40,
Issue 5,
pp. 1267-1276
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.478837

Design and research of a dual-parameter photonic crystal fiber sensor

Yue Feng, Wenbo Zhang, Tao Xu, Longhao Huang, Chi Liu, and Tao Shen

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Yue Feng, Wenbo Zhang, Tao Xu, Longhao Huang, Chi Liu, and Tao Shen, "Design and research of a dual-parameter photonic crystal fiber sensor," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 40, 1267-1276 (2023)

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Abstract

We propose a dual-parameter photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR). It is used to detect a change in the refractive index (RI) and the temperature of the liquid. The contact area between the PCF and the liquid to be tested increases by polishing the PCF up and down. The large air holes that are on the upper and lower sides of the fiber core are plated with gold and silver film, respectively, to detect the RI of the external liquid. Moreover, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is introduced into the large upper air hole to detect the temperature of the external liquid. Based on the finite element method, the diameter of the large air hole, the diameter of the ordinary air hole, the period, and the thickness of the metal layer are analyzed and discussed to find the most suitable parameter values to improve the sensor’s performance. The simulation results show that when the RI detection is in the range of 1.34–1.46, and the temperature detection is in the range of 20°C–30°C, the maximum RI sensitivity is 8400 nm/RIU and the maximum temperature sensitivity is 4.5 nm/°C. The proposed design is simple in structure and principle and solves the problem of multiparameter cross-sensitivity.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Resonance	$d_{2}$	Wavelength Sensitivity (nm/RIU)						Mean Wavelength	Standard
Peak	(µm)	$n_{a} = 1.34$	$n_{a} = 1.36$	$n_{a} = 1.38$	$n_{a} = 1.40$	$n_{a} = 1.42$	$n_{a} = 1.44$	Sensitivity (nm\RIU)	Deviation (nm/RIU)
Peak 1	2.2	750	150	150	150	550	400	358.33	231.69
	2.4	150	200	200	400	800	150	316.67	232.14
	2.6	350	400	500	600	2800	2900	1258.33	1128.58
	2.8	700	650	2500	600	1850	3100	1566.67	985.59
	3.0	1250	1850	1050	2000	2450	2850	1908.33	627.44
	3.2	450	2150	2700	3650	2550	3000	2416.67	991.49
Peak 2	2.2	750	850	1250	1700	2850	2750	1691.67	841.83
	2.4	1000	1350	1550	1850	3400	3300	2075.00	936.64
	2.6	1350	1850	1850	2550	3700	5450	2791.67	1402.50
	2.8	1750	2300	2450	3150	4100	6350	3350.00	1531.61
	3.0	1600	2600	3100	3750	4550	7350	3825.00	1822.72
	3.2	1600	2050	3550	4100	5000	9150	4241.67	2481.50

Resonance		FWHM (nm)							Average
Peak	$d_{1}$ (µm)	$n_{a} = 1.34$	$n_{a} = 1.36$	$n_{a} = 1.38$	$n_{a} = 1.40$	$n_{a} = 1.24$	$n_{a} = 1.44$	$n_{a} = 1.46$	FWHM (nm)
Peak 1	1.2	88.74	79.27	114.35	90.00	83.79	55.44	107.45	88.43
	1.3	87.53	70.42	115.46	88.93	82.32	54.92	114.43	87.72
	1.4	86.70	67.95	112.68	90.55	81.97	55.14	122.41	88.20
	1.5	86.14	78.46	111.06	92.07	81.41	56.74	129.81	90.81
	1.6	85.92	78.83	110.55	93.64	81.03	58.35	137.21	92.22
	1.7	86.10	79.56	111.47	95.14	80.94	60.05	149.25	94.64
	1.8	87.79	83.88	126.26	96.58	81.59	61.86	168.16	100.87
Peak 2	1.2	40.13	48.69	61.82	86.00	125.35	174.07	259.48	113.65
	1.3	48.12	37.44	56.98	73.09	104.74	150.78	182.37	93.36
	1.4	55.57	37.82	48.93	62.96	93.83	130.05	281.83	101.57
	1.5	62.37	55.90	66.79	52.09	78.00	110.67	413.42	119.89
	1.6	68.74	65.34	72.49	39.77	62.49	81.89	699.01	155.68
	1.7	74.53	72.15	79.58	48.72	46.11	64.35	595.05	140.07
	1.8	79.29	75.46	126.26	75.13	57.71	60.92	696.93	167.39

	Average FWHM (nm)		Average Wavelength Sensitivity (nm/RIU)		Average FOM ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )
$Λ$ (µm)	Peak 1	Peak 2	Peak 1	Peak 2	Peak 1	Peak 2
2.5	133.77	213.67	1033.33	916.67	7.72	4.29
3.0	102.49	157.84	891.67	2425.00	8.70	15.36
3.5	78.41	104.24	683.34	2933.33	8.71	28.14
4.0	85.64	79.74	541.67	2208.33	6.32	27.70
4.5	105.37	84.63	275.00	1675.00	2.61	19.79
5.0	106.84	81.09	225.00	1333.33	2.11	16.44

Resonance Peak	$t$ (nm)	Functional Relationship	$R^{2}$
Peak 1	60	$λ = 7500 n_{a}^{2} - 20418 n_{a} + 15191$	0.9908
	80	$λ = 8899 n_{a}^{2} - 24243 n_{a} + 17785$	0.9842
	100	$λ = 12530 n_{a}^{2} - 34446 n_{a} + 24929$	0.9799
Peak 2	60	$λ = 29196 n_{a}^{2} - 79152 n_{a} + 55389$	0.9986
	80	$λ = 29524 n_{a}^{2} - 80088 n_{a} + 56046$	0.9807
	100	$λ = 30595 n_{a}^{2} - 83056 n_{a} + 58081$	0.9694

Resonance Peak	$n_{a}$	Functional Relationship	$R^{2}$
Peak 1	1.34–1.38	$λ = 184.67 n_{a} + 1047.54$	0.9985
	1.38–1.42	$λ = 359.53 n_{a} + 805.69$	0.9974
	1.42–1.46	$λ = 1647.61 n_{a} - 1033.69$	0.9953
Peak 2	1.34–1.38	$λ = 1046 .67 n_{a} + 333.26$	0.9959
	1.38–1.42	$λ = 1819 .05 n_{a} - 735.21$	0.9961
	1.42–1.46	$λ = 89285 .72 n_{a}^{2} - 252305 .95 n_{a} + 180095.72$	0.9983

$n_{a}$	Dual-Parameter Matrix
1.34–1.38	$[\begin{matrix} Δ n_{a} \\ Δ T \end{matrix}] = {[\begin{matrix} 184.67 & - 4 \\ 1046.7 & - 0.312 \end{matrix}]}^{- 1} [\begin{matrix} Δ λ_{1} \\ Δ λ_{2} \end{matrix}]$
1.38–1.42	$[\begin{matrix} Δ n_{a} \\ Δ T \end{matrix}] = {[\begin{matrix} 359.53 & - 4 \\ 1819 & - 0.312 \end{matrix}]}^{- 1} [\begin{matrix} Δ λ_{1} \\ Δ λ_{2} \end{matrix}]$
1.42–1.46	${\begin{cases} Δ λ_{1} = 1046.67 n_{a} - 4.19 T \\ Δ λ_{2} = 89285.72 n_{a}^{2} - 252305.95 n_{a} + 0.36 T \end{cases}$

Abstract

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B