Tunable sharp and highly selective microwave-photonic band-pass filters based on stimulated Brillouin scattering

Yonatan Stern; Kun Zhong; Thomas Schneider; Ru Zhang; Yossef Ben-Ezra; Moshe Tur; Avi Zadok

doi:10.1364/PRJ.2.000B18

Photonics Research
Vol. 2,
Issue 4,
pp. B18-B25
(2014)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.2.000B18

Tunable sharp and highly selective microwave-photonic band-pass filters based on stimulated Brillouin scattering

Yonatan Stern, Kun Zhong, Thomas Schneider, Ru Zhang, Yossef Ben-Ezra, Moshe Tur, and Avi Zadok

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Yonatan Stern, Kun Zhong, Thomas Schneider, Ru Zhang, Yossef Ben-Ezra, Moshe Tur, and Avi Zadok, "Tunable sharp and highly selective microwave-photonic band-pass filters based on stimulated Brillouin scattering," Photon. Res. 2, B18-B25 (2014)

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- MICROWAVE PHOTONICS
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 17, 2014
- Revised Manuscript: May 1, 2014
- Manuscript Accepted: May 2, 2014
- Published: May 28, 2014
Virtual Issues
Photonics Research Microwave Photonics (2014)

Abstract

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers has long been used in frequency-selective optical signal processing, including in the realization of microwave-photonic (MWP) filters. In this work, we report a significant enhancement in the selectivity of SBS-based MWP filters. Filters having a single passband of 250 MHz–1 GHz bandwidth are demonstrated, with selectivity of up to 44 dB. The selectivity of the filters is better than that of the corresponding previous arrangements by about 15 dB. The shape factor of the filters, defined as the ratio between their $- 20 dB$ bandwidth and their $- 3 dB$ bandwidth, is between 1.35 and 1.5. The central transmission frequency, bandwidth, and spectral shape of the passband are all independently adjusted. Performance enhancement is based on two advances, compared with previous demonstrations of tunable SBS-based MWP filters: (a) the polarization attributes of SBS in standard, weakly birefringent fibers are used to discriminate between in-band and out-of-band components and (b) a sharp and uniform power spectral density of the SBS pump waves is synthesized through external modulation of an optical carrier by broadband, frequency-swept waveforms. The signal-to-noise ratio of filtered radio-frequency waveforms and the linear dynamic range of the filters are estimated analytically and quantified experimentally. Lastly, a figure of merit for the performance of the filters is proposed and discussed. The filters are applicable to radio-over-fiber transmission systems.

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Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the working principle of polarization-enhanced, SBS-based MWP BPFs.

f_{sig}

, variable radio frequency of the signal input modulation. MZM, Mach–Zehnder modulator; TLS, tunable laser source; PD, photodetector. Insets illustrate the following: A, PSD of the pump wave and the SBS gain window; B, PSD of the signal wave before the SBS amplification; C, PSD of the signal wave after the SBS amplification; D, PSD of the signal combined with the optical carrier prior to detection.

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Fig. 2. Experimental setup for the demonstration of SBS-based, polarization-enhanced MWP BPFs. FBG, fiber Bragg grating.

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Fig. 3. Experimentally obtained frequency response of a 500-MHz-wide, polarization-enhanced, SBS-based MWP BPF (black solid) and the corresponding simulated response (red-dashed). The latter is based on measurements of the broadened pump PSD.

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Fig. 4. Normalized frequency responses of 500-MHz-wide MWP BPFs, with central frequencies of 1.65 GHz (green), 1.9 GHz (red), and 2.15 GHz (blue).

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Fig. 5. Normalized frequency responses of MWP BPFs, obtained using pump bandwidths of 250 MHz (blue), 500 MHz (red), and 1 GHz (green).

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Fig. 6. Examples of normalized frequency responses of MWP filters with various magnitude transfer functions.

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Fig. 7. Selectivity of a 500-MHz-wide MWP BPF as a function of the SBS pump power. The input optical power of the signal sideband was

- 32 dBm

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Fig. 8. SNR of a RF tone at the output of a 500-MHz-wide, MWP BPF as a function of the SBS pump power. The inset shows an example of the RF PSD at the filter output, obtained for an input CW at 1.9 GHz and pump power 20.8 dBm. A pedestal of RF noise due to SBS-ASE, spanning the entire filter passband, restricts the output SNR to 14.8 dB in this particular measurement.

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Fig. 9. LDR measurement: output electrical power of an amplified CW RF signal, as a function of the optical power of the input signal sideband.

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Equations (6)

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G_{\max} (ν_{sig}) = \exp [\frac{1}{3} g (ν_{sig}) L_{eff}], G_{\min} (ν_{sig}) = \exp [\frac{1}{6} g (ν_{sig}) L_{eff}] .

{| G_{pol} (ν_{sig}) |}^{2} = \frac{1}{4} {| G_{\max} (ν_{sig}) - G_{\min} (ν_{sig}) |}^{2} \underset{G_{\max} ≫ 1}{\to} \frac{1}{4} {| G_{\max} (ν_{sig}) |}^{2} .

P_{ASE} = h ν_{car} \cdot F_{n} \cdot {| G_{\max} |}^{2} \cdot Δ f,

SNR = \frac{P_{sig} \cdot {| G_{pol} |}^{2} \cdot P_{car}}{\frac{1}{2} h v_{car} \cdot F_{n} \cdot {| G_{\max} |}^{2} \cdot Δ f \cdot P_{car}} \underset{G_{\max} ≫ 1}{\to} \frac{P_{sig}}{2 h v_{car} \cdot F_{n} \cdot Δ f} .

SNR \times SL \approx \frac{P_{sig}}{2 h ν_{car} \cdot F_{n} \cdot B} \times \frac{{| G_{\max} |}^{2}}{16 \cdot x},

SNR \times SL \approx \frac{1}{2 h ν \cdot F_{n} \cdot B} \times \frac{1}{16 \cdot x} \times D \frac{P_{pump} Γ_{B}}{B} = \frac{D Γ_{B}}{32 h ν \cdot F_{n} \cdot x} \frac{P_{pump}}{B^{2}} \equiv C \frac{P_{pump}}{B^{2}} .

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