Comparing transmission- and epi-BCARS: a round robin on solid-state materials

Franz Hempel; Federico Vernuccio; Lukas König; Robin Buschbeck; Michael Rüsing; Michael Rüsing; Giulio Cerullo; Dario Polli; Lukas M. Eng; Lukas M. Eng

doi:10.1364/AO.505374

Applied Optics
Vol. 63,
Issue 1,
pp. 112-121
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.505374

Comparing transmission- and epi-BCARS: a round robin on solid-state materials

Franz Hempel, Federico Vernuccio, Lukas König, Robin Buschbeck, Michael Rüsing, Giulio Cerullo, Dario Polli, and Lukas M. Eng

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Franz Hempel, Federico Vernuccio, Lukas König, Robin Buschbeck, Michael Rüsing, Giulio Cerullo, Dario Polli, and Lukas M. Eng, "Comparing transmission- and epi-BCARS: a round robin on solid-state materials," Appl. Opt. 63, 112-121 (2024)

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Abstract

Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) is a powerful spectroscopy method combining high signal intensity with spectral sensitivity, enabling rapid imaging of heterogeneous samples in biomedical research and, more recently, in crystalline materials. However, BCARS encounters spectral distortion due to a setup-dependent non-resonant background (NRB). This study assesses BCARS reproducibility through a round robin experiment using two distinct BCARS setups and crystalline materials with varying structural complexity, including diamond, 6H-SiC, KDP, and KTP. The analysis compares setup-specific NRB correction procedures, detected and NRB-removed spectra, and mode assignment. We determine the influence of BCARS setup parameters like pump wavelength, pulse width, and detection geometry and provide a practical guide for optimizing BCARS setups for solid-state applications.

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Supplementary Material (1)

Name	Description
Supplement 1	Supplemental document

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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$Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{P e a k}$ [ ${c m}^{- 1}$ ]
VIBRA	CERES		Assigned	$Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{P h o n o n}$ [ ${c m}^{- 1}$ ]
BCARS	BCARS	SR	Phonon	(SR) [48]
767	768	767	$E_{2}$ (PO)	767.5
790	791	789	$E_{1}$ (TO)	788.0
969	969	966	$A_{1}$ (LO)	966.5

$Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{P e a k}$ [ ${c m}^{- 1}$ ]
VIBRA	CERES		Assigned	$Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{P h o n o n}$ [ ${c m}^{- 1}$ ]
BCARS	BCARS	SR	Phonon	(SR) [54,55]
–	216	215	$A_{1}$	213
–	262	268	$A_{1}$	268
–	280	280	$A_{2}$	284
–	293	293	$A_{2}$	304
–	340	341	$A_{2}$	335
–	376	374	$A_{1}$	378
–	400	400	$ν_{2} {P O}_{4}$	400
–	491	490	$ν_{4} {T i O}_{6}$	509
–	518	517	$A_{1}$	517
–	549	547	$ν_{4} {P O}_{4}$	548
–	594	591	$A_{1}$	598
634	624	636	$ν_{1} {T i O}_{6}$	632
693	673		$A_{2}$	673 (IR)
709	709	701	$ν_{2} {T i O}_{6}$	709
779	773	764	$A_{1}$	770
836	836	835	$ν_{3} {T i O}_{6}$	833
975	974	975	$ν_{1} {P O}_{4}$	974
990	991	990	$A_{1}$	993
	1013	1013	$A_{1}$	1008
1037	1034	1034	$A_{1}$	1034
1093	1093	1093	$ν_{3} {P O}_{4}$	1095
1171	1122	1120	$A_{1}$	1113

$Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{P e a k}$ [ ${c m}^{- 1}$ ]
VIBRA	CERES		Assigned	$Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{P h o n o n}$ [ ${c m}^{- 1}$ ]
BCARS	BCARS	SR	Phonon	(SR) [48]
767	768	767	$E_{2}$ (PO)	767.5
790	791	789	$E_{1}$ (TO)	788.0
969	969	966	$A_{1}$ (LO)	966.5

$Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{P e a k}$ [ ${c m}^{- 1}$ ]
VIBRA	CERES		Assigned	$Δ {\tilde{ν}}_{P h o n o n}$ [ ${c m}^{- 1}$ ]
BCARS	BCARS	SR	Phonon	(SR) [54,55]
–	216	215	$A_{1}$	213
–	262	268	$A_{1}$	268
–	280	280	$A_{2}$	284
–	293	293	$A_{2}$	304
–	340	341	$A_{2}$	335
–	376	374	$A_{1}$	378
–	400	400	$ν_{2} {P O}_{4}$	400
–	491	490	$ν_{4} {T i O}_{6}$	509
–	518	517	$A_{1}$	517
–	549	547	$ν_{4} {P O}_{4}$	548
–	594	591	$A_{1}$	598
634	624	636	$ν_{1} {T i O}_{6}$	632
693	673		$A_{2}$	673 (IR)
709	709	701	$ν_{2} {T i O}_{6}$	709
779	773	764	$A_{1}$	770
836	836	835	$ν_{3} {T i O}_{6}$	833
975	974	975	$ν_{1} {P O}_{4}$	974
990	991	990	$A_{1}$	993
	1013	1013	$A_{1}$	1008
1037	1034	1034	$A_{1}$	1034
1093	1093	1093	$ν_{3} {P O}_{4}$	1095
1171	1122	1120	$A_{1}$	1113

Abstract

Supplementary Material (1)

Data availability

Cited By

Figures (8)

Tables (2)

Equations (2)

Applied Optics