Developmental Solar Blind Photomultipliers Suitable for Use in the 1450–2800-Å Region

J. W. Campbell

doi:10.1364/AO.10.001232

Applied Optics
Vol. 10,
Issue 6,
pp. 1232-1240
(1971)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.10.001232

Developmental Solar Blind Photomultipliers Suitable for Use in the 1450–2800-Å Region

J. W. Campbell

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J. W. Campbell, "Developmental Solar Blind Photomultipliers Suitable for Use in the 1450–2800-Å Region," Appl. Opt. 10, 1232-1240 (1971)

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Abstract

An account is given of the properties of a number of experimental EMI photomultipliers possessing solar blind photocathodes, which were specially developed for a program of stellar photometry above the earth’s atmosphere (the measurements were made between 1963 and 1968). Quantum efficiency, dark current, cathode uniformity, and spectral response are examined in detail, and results are compared with data from similar detectors. Several discrepancies are evident between measurements made when the photomultipliers are tested immediately after manufacture and when they are tested several months later. A brief account is also given of the suitability of the photomultipliers for use in rocket environments. Additional information is also included for a number of photocells also produced by EMI. Typical spectral responses are given together with a number of plots of cathode uniformity at 2537 Å.

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Photocathode	Window Diameter mm	No. of stages	Dynode material	Window material	Gain	Operating voltage V dc
CsTe	25	11–13	Be Cu	Quartz (Spectrosil)	10⁶	at gain 10⁶ 1400
CsTe	50	11–13	Be Cu	Quartz (Spectrosil)	10⁶	1800
CsTe	25	11–13	Be Cu	sapphire (Linde)	10⁶	1400
Cul	50	13	Be Cu	Quartz (Spectrosil)	10⁶	1800
CsTe	25	13	Be Cu	lithium fluoride (Harshaw)	10⁶	1400
Standard region 1450–3500 Å CsTe	25	14	Ag Mg	sapphire (Linde)	10⁶	2300

Additional parameters
(a) over-all length: 11 stage max 14 cm; 13 stage max 15 cm
(b) output connections: (i) cathode separate (ii) D₁ separate (iii) D₁₁ separate (iv) anode separate
(c) cathode: semitransparent on tungsten

QE at 2537 Å(%)	QE at 3500 Å(%)	cathode uniformity at 2537 Å	QE at 1470 Å(%)	Manufacturer	Type No.	dc at 10⁵
min 5.0	max 20 × 10⁻³	±10% over 2 cm diam	N.A.	EMI	9705	5 × 10⁻¹¹
min 5.0	max 20 × 10⁻³	±10% over 4.5 cm diam	N.A.	EMI	9616	2 × 10⁻¹¹
min 5.0	max 20 × 10⁻³	±10% over 2 cm diam	min 5.0	EMI	9705	5 × 10⁻¹¹
max 20 × 10⁻³	N.A.	±10% over 4.5 cm diam at 1470 Å	N.A.	EMI	9616	4 × 10⁻¹²
min 5.0	max 20 × 10⁻³	±10% over 2 cm diam	min 5.0	EMI	9705	5 × 10⁻¹¹
min 4.5	9 × 10⁻²	±10% over 2 cm diam	min 5.0	ASCOP	541F05M–14	4 × 10⁻¹¹

Vibration:
Thrust and lateral axes: sinusoidal, 10–2000 Hz const acc 1 g sweep speed 2 oct/min
Thrust axis: random: 20–2000 Hz 8 g rms (density 0.031 g²/Hz) 2 min
Lateral axes: random: 20–2000 Hz 5 g rms (density 0.013 g²/Hz) 2 min

Ser. No.	Window material	No. of stages	Gain	Voltage	Dark current	Monitor output

						AR	OX7	OY10
5003	quartz	11	5 × 10⁵	1200	2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	7.5	3.0	0.32
5005	quartz	11	2 × 10⁴	1000		–	–	–
5006	quartz	11	6 × 10³	1000		3.9	1.6	0.51
5008	quartz	11	2.6 × 10⁴	1000		5.0	2.5	0.58
5009	quartz	11	3.7 × 10⁴	1000	4 × 10⁻¹⁰	9.5	4.5	0.36
5010	quartz	11	4 × 10⁴	1000	–	2.5	1.5	0.14
5011	quartz	11	1.4 × 10⁴	1000	<1 × 10⁻¹¹	6.4	2.4	0.05
5213	quartz	13	4 × 10⁵	1000	2 × 10⁻⁹	20.5	7.5	0.48
5221	quartz		3.2 × 10⁵	1500	1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	3.8	1.4	0.23
5230	quartz		5 × 10⁵	1000	2 × 10⁻¹⁰	3.2	1.1	0.22
5240	quartz	17	–	2000	1 × 10⁻¹⁰	–	–	–
5241	quartz	17	–	1100	4 × 10⁻⁹	–	–	–
5245	quartz	17	8 × 10⁵	1500	1 × 10⁻¹⁰	–	–	–
5246	sapphire	11	–	–	–	5.2	2.0	0.16
5247	quartz		1.6 × 10⁵	1650	2.6 × 10⁻⁹	4.8	2.0	0.06
5248	quartz	17	1.5 × 10⁵	1800	2.2 × 10⁻⁹	–	–	–
5250	quartz	–	1.6 × 10⁵	1650	3 × 10⁻⁹	–	–	–
5252	quartz	11	–	1400	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	9.5	2.6	0.02
5253	quartz	11	5 × 10⁵	1500	1 × 10⁻¹⁰	3.2	1.6	0.04
5254	quartz	11	3.6 × 10⁵	1250	3.8 × 10⁻⁹	5.3	2.2	0.02
5261	sapphire	11	2 × 10⁵	1700	2 × 10⁻⁹	5.7	2.0	0.02
5266	sapphire	11		1200	8 × 10⁻¹⁰	7.5	2.2	0.03
5291	quartz	13		1500	5 × 10⁻¹⁰	–	–	–
5292	quartz	13		1400	5 × 10⁻¹⁰	–	–	–
5293	quartz	13		1550	5 × 10⁻¹⁰	–	–	–
5210	quartz	13		1200	2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	–	–	–
5613	quartz	13		1000	3 × 10⁻⁹	–	–	–
2508	quartz	13		1000	3 × 10⁻¹⁰	–	–	–

PM serial number	QE % at 2537 Å	Gain	Voltage dc	Visible rejection (2537/3650)	dc	Voltage
5009	5.2	4.7 × 10⁴	1100	333.3	5 × 10⁻¹¹	2 kV
5011	5.2	1.1 × 10⁵	1500	90.5	4.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	2kV
5293	12.5	9.4 × 10⁴	1550	219.2	4.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	2 kV
5240	7.93	2.4 × 10⁵	1400	610.0	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	2 kV
5241	9.04	1.7 × 10⁵	1100	86.9	1.2 × 10⁻⁹	1100 V
5292	7.75	9.0 × 10⁴	1400	430.5	5 × 10⁻¹⁰	1400 V
5266	3.7	6.7 × 10⁵	1200	142.3	7.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	1200 V
Standard 4059	8.3	4.5 × 10⁵	2600	638.5	2.4 × 10⁻¹²	2120 V

Photocathode	Window Diameter mm	No. of stages	Dynode material	Window material	Gain	Operating voltage V dc
CsTe	25	11–13	Be Cu	Quartz (Spectrosil)	10⁶	at gain 10⁶ 1400
CsTe	50	11–13	Be Cu	Quartz (Spectrosil)	10⁶	1800
CsTe	25	11–13	Be Cu	sapphire (Linde)	10⁶	1400
Cul	50	13	Be Cu	Quartz (Spectrosil)	10⁶	1800
CsTe	25	13	Be Cu	lithium fluoride (Harshaw)	10⁶	1400
Standard region 1450–3500 Å CsTe	25	14	Ag Mg	sapphire (Linde)	10⁶	2300

Additional parameters
(a) over-all length: 11 stage max 14 cm; 13 stage max 15 cm
(b) output connections: (i) cathode separate (ii) D₁ separate (iii) D₁₁ separate (iv) anode separate
(c) cathode: semitransparent on tungsten

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Applied Optics