Mariner Mars 1969 Infrared Spectrometer

K. C. Herr; P. B. Forney; G. C. Pimentel

doi:10.1364/AO.11.000493

Applied Optics
Vol. 11,
Issue 3,
pp. 493-501
(1972)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.11.000493

Mariner Mars 1969 Infrared Spectrometer

K. C. Herr, P. B. Forney, and G. C. Pimentel

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K. C. Herr, P. B. Forney, and G. C. Pimentel, "Mariner Mars 1969 Infrared Spectrometer," Appl. Opt. 11, 493-501 (1972)

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Abstract

The infrared spectrometer that recorded spectra of the atmosphere and surface of Mars during the Mariner 6 and 7 flyby missions is described. The instrument continuously scanned the 1.9-μ to 14.4-μ spectral region at 10 sec per scan. Approximately 1 % spectral resolution was furnished by two rotating, circular, variable interference filters. The spectral region 1.9–6.0 μ was recorded with a PbSe detector cooled to 175 K by radiation to deep space. The spectral region 3.9–14.4 μ was modulated by a cold (175 K) tuning fork chopper and recorded with a mercury-doped germanium detector cooled to 22 K by a Joule-Thomson two-stage (N₂ and H₂) cryostat. The total weight of the instrument was 17.4 kg (monochromator plus electronics, 11.5 kg; gas delivery system, 5.9 kg), and it consumed 11 W of power.

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Filter	Substrate	Wavelength (μ) MM6/MM7	5% blocking point^a (μ) MM6/MM7^b
Channel 1
A1	Germanium	3.89/3.86 to 7.92/7.88
A2	Germanium	7.21/7.37 to 14.69/14.45
A3	Germanium	Block for A1	2.91–5.73
A4	Germanium	Block for A2	5.70–12.35
Radiometer spikes			5.73–15
			12.35–15
Channel 2
B1	Quartz	1.88/1.88 to 3.72/3.69
B2	Silicon	3.04/2.99 to 6.14/6.00
B3	Silicon	Block for B1	1.45/1.47 to 2.86/2.89
B4	Silicon	Block for B2	2.00/2.00 to 3.89/3.89
Radiometer spikes			2.86/2.89 to 6.5/6.5
			3.89/3.89 to 6.5/6.5

Optical reference	Rejection (%)	Theoretical throughput (%)
Telescope baffles	2.73
Primary	0.54
Secondary	0.05
Aperture	8.99
Telescope focal plane		87.73
Slit	46.67
Filter box aperture	0.62	40.44
Diagonal	0.70	39.74
Focusing mirror	1.70
Detector plane		38.04
Detector	4.91
Total	66.87	33.13

Parameter	PbSe	Hg:Ge
NEP (W)	2.60/1.36·10⁻¹⁰	1.6/1.4·10⁻¹¹
D*(λ max)^a
$Cm {(Hz)}^{\frac{1}{2}} W^{- 1}$	2.4/2.6·10¹⁰	2.52/2.73·10¹⁰
Responsivity (V/W)	4.5/6.3·10³	0.87/2.2·10⁴
Detector temperature	193K	4.2K
Field of view	180°	60°
Noise bandpass	80 Hz	1 Hz

Filter	Substrate	Wavelength (μ) MM6/MM7	5% blocking point^a (μ) MM6/MM7^b
Channel 1
A1	Germanium	3.89/3.86 to 7.92/7.88
A2	Germanium	7.21/7.37 to 14.69/14.45
A3	Germanium	Block for A1	2.91–5.73
A4	Germanium	Block for A2	5.70–12.35
Radiometer spikes			5.73–15
			12.35–15
Channel 2
B1	Quartz	1.88/1.88 to 3.72/3.69
B2	Silicon	3.04/2.99 to 6.14/6.00
B3	Silicon	Block for B1	1.45/1.47 to 2.86/2.89
B4	Silicon	Block for B2	2.00/2.00 to 3.89/3.89
Radiometer spikes			2.86/2.89 to 6.5/6.5
			3.89/3.89 to 6.5/6.5

Optical reference	Rejection (%)	Theoretical throughput (%)
Telescope baffles	2.73
Primary	0.54
Secondary	0.05
Aperture	8.99
Telescope focal plane		87.73
Slit	46.67
Filter box aperture	0.62	40.44
Diagonal	0.70	39.74
Focusing mirror	1.70
Detector plane		38.04
Detector	4.91
Total	66.87	33.13

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Tables (3)

Applied Optics