K. B. Steinbruegge, T. Henningsen, R. H. Hopkins, R. Mazelsky, N. T. Melamed, E. P. Riedel, and G. W. Roland, "Laser Properties of Nd+3 and Ho+3 Doped Crystals with the Apatite Structure," Appl. Opt. 11, 999-1012 (1972)
A great variety of compounds occur in nature or have been synthesized in the laboratory that crystallize with the apatite structure. We have investigated a number of the apatites and found them to be excellent laser hosts for neodymium and holmium. The apatites described in this paper were grown using the Czochralski method, have low optical losses in the pump and emission spectral regions for neodymium and holmium, and the hosts have been developed to readily accept large concentrations of doping ions. This paper describes the crystal growth, physical properties, spectroscopy, and laser performance of this family of new laser materials.
F. Druon, S. Chénais, P. Raybaut, F. Balembois, P. Georges, R. Gaumé, P. H. Haumesser, B. Viana, D. Vivien, S. Dhellemmes, V. Ortiz, and C. Larat Opt. Lett. 27(21) 1914-1916 (2002)
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Note that this is rod gain, not gain/ion.
This rod has not been heat treated and contains a high concentration of scattering particles.
Nd conc. shown assumes 1.5 at.% Nd in YAG.
Table IV
Q-Switched Laser Tests of Neodymium-Doped Apatite Lasers
New test system do not compare efficiencies above with below
YAG(Y3Al5O12)
—
5 × 82
2.4-kHz rotating mirror
99–35
19.5
118
Output saturated
Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2
c
6.4 × 76
0.4-kHz rotating mirror
99–65
16.1
100
Output not saturated
Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2
c
6.4 × 76
0.4-kHz rotating mirror
99–65
31.6
382
Output saturated
Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2
c
6.4 × 76
0.8-kHz rotating mirror
99–35
51.5
515
Output saturated
The limits of Q-switched output noted are strong functions of the pump enclosure, lamp, and Q-switch; they are not the highest values that can be obtained.
Table V
Spectroscopic Properties of Ho+3 in Ca10(PO4)6F2, Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2, and YAG
Note that this is rod gain, not gain/ion.
This rod has not been heat treated and contains a high concentration of scattering particles.
Nd conc. shown assumes 1.5 at.% Nd in YAG.
Table IV
Q-Switched Laser Tests of Neodymium-Doped Apatite Lasers
New test system do not compare efficiencies above with below
YAG(Y3Al5O12)
—
5 × 82
2.4-kHz rotating mirror
99–35
19.5
118
Output saturated
Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2
c
6.4 × 76
0.4-kHz rotating mirror
99–65
16.1
100
Output not saturated
Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2
c
6.4 × 76
0.4-kHz rotating mirror
99–65
31.6
382
Output saturated
Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2
c
6.4 × 76
0.8-kHz rotating mirror
99–35
51.5
515
Output saturated
The limits of Q-switched output noted are strong functions of the pump enclosure, lamp, and Q-switch; they are not the highest values that can be obtained.
Table V
Spectroscopic Properties of Ho+3 in Ca10(PO4)6F2, Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2, and YAG
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