Radiation induced transmission loss in optical materials

S. F. Pellicori; E. E. Russell; L. A. Watts

doi:10.1364/AO.18.002618

Applied Optics
Vol. 18,
Issue 15,
pp. 2618-2621
(1979)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.18.002618

Radiation induced transmission loss in optical materials

S. F. Pellicori, E. E. Russell, and L. A. Watts

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S. F. Pellicori, E. E. Russell, and L. A. Watts, "Radiation induced transmission loss in optical materials," Appl. Opt. 18, 2618-2621 (1979)

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Abstract

Results are presented for a number of window materials, color filter glasses, birefringent crystals, and optical fibers. The transmission loss caused by exposure to Co⁶⁰ gamma or 10-MeV electron radiation is tabulated over the 400–900-nm wavelength region. The transmission loss is greatest at the shorter wavelengths, and its rate is maximum for most materials at dosages greater than 10⁵ rad (Si).

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MATERIAL (THICKNESS)	DOSE rad (Si)	TRANSMITTANCE AT WAVELENGTH (nm)									COMMENTS

		400	450	500	550	600	650	700	800	900
CLEAR GLASSES
Suprasil (1.5 mm)	2×10⁶;e	No Changes									No phosphorescence
Dynasil (3 mm)	2×10⁶;e	No Changes
GE Type 124 (3.2 mm)	10⁵;γ	See Figure 1									Dehydrated fused silica. Neutral grey after irradiation.
GE Type 125 (5.1 mm)	10⁵;γ	0.70	0.68	0.66	0.65	0.68	0.73	0.79	0.89	0.92	Dehydrated fused silica: purple cloudiness caused by irradiation.
Hoya UV-22 (2.5 mm)	0, 10³;γ	0.89	0.92	0.93	0.93	0.94	0.94	0.94	0.93	0.93
	10⁴;γ	0.86	0.87	0.88	0.90	0.92	0.93	0.94	0.94	0.94
	10⁵;γ	0.53	0.54	0.54	0.60	0. 73	0.84	0.90	0.92	0.92
	5×10⁵;γ	0.17	0.17	0.18	0.22	0.43	0.65	0.81	0.90	0.92	Became rose colored.
Schott BaKIG (6.6 mm)	2×10⁶;e	--	0.56	0.59	--	0.66	--	--	--	--	Phosphoresced pale blue for 10 min. Cerium stabilized.
Schott GG 375G (6.75 mm)	2×10⁶;e	--	0.86	0.86	--	0.82	--	--	--	--	Cerium stabilized.
Schott GG 385G (6.1 mm)	1.2×10⁴;e	0.56	0.86	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	Cerium stabilized.
	1.2×10⁶;e	0.52	0.85	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Schott UF5-G (6 mm)	5×10⁵;e	--	0.89	~0.93	--	--	0.93	--	--	--	Cerium stabilized.
	1.5×10⁶;e	--	0.82	~0.85	--	--	0.87	--	--	--
	2.5×10⁶;e	--	0.68	~0.72	--	--	~0.85	--	--	--
	3.5×10⁶;e	--	0.58	~0.64	--	--	~0.85	--	--	--
	4.5×10⁶;e	--	0.49	~0.58	--	--	0.79	--	--	--
Corning 7052 and 7056	γ	See Figures 2 and 3.									Borosilicates. Used for photomultiplier windows
Schott LaSF9 (1.65 mm)	γ	See Figure 4
Schott IRG7, IRGN6, IRG9	γ	See Figure 5.									Little or no changes between 0.8 and 5 μm. Colors after irradiation:. Iight brown, amber, rose, respectively
BLUE FILTER GLASSES
Hoya LB-165 (2 mm)	0-10⁵;γ	0.57	0.40	0.28	0.20	0.18	0.11	0.08	0.11	0.15	Tungsten balance.
	5×10⁵;γ	0.53	0.36	0.20	0.13	0.10	0.08	0.08	--	0.14
Schott BG-37 (1 mm)	0-10³;γ	0.78	0.67	0.25	0.11	--	--	0.23	--	0.31
	10⁵;γ	0.71	0.66	--	0.11	--	--	0.22	--	0.30
	5×10⁵;γ	0.59	0.61	--	0.07	--	--	0.22	--	0.30
Schott BG-23 (2 mm)	0	0.75	--	0.79	0.47	0.15	0.03	--	--	--	No fluorescence during
	4×10⁵;e	0.68	--	0.75	0.45	0.15	0.03	--	--	--
Schott BG-38 (2 mm)	0	0.83	--	0.88	0.83	0.60	0.25	0.07	--	--	No fluorescence during irradiation.
	4×10⁵;e	0.75	--	0.84	0.80	0.58	0.25	0.07	--	--
Hoya C-500 (2.5 mm)	0-10⁴;γ	0.82	0.85	0.85	0.79	0.57	--	0.11	--	0.03
	10⁵;γ	0.77	0.83	0.82	0.76	0.56	--	0.11	--	0.03
	5×10⁵;γ	0.72	0.79	0.79	0.73	0.56	--	0.11	--	0.03
RED FILTER GLASSES
Corning 3484 (1.68 mm)	0-5×10⁴;γ	0	0	0	0.86	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.89	--
	5×10⁵;γ	0	0	0	0.80	0.86	0.87	0.88	0.89	--	No change in cut-on point.
Schott OG-550, OG-570,	10³;γ	See Figure 6 as typical, behavior. Approx. empirical formula:									Sharp cut-on determined by process temperature.
RG-610, RG-630 (All 3 mm)	10⁴;γ	λ_cut-on increases to <1.02λ_C. At 1.10λ_C, transmittance decreases to ~0.98 T_max.
	10⁵;γ	λ_cut-on increases to ~1.03-1.05λ_C. At 1.10λ_C, transmittance decreases to ~0.75-0.85 T_max.
	5×10⁵;γ	λ_cut-on increases to ~1.07-1.10λ_C. At 1.10λ_C, transmittance decreases to ~0.58-0.65 T_max.
Schott OG-590 (3 mm)	0	0	0	0	--	0.60	0.90	0.90	--	--
	1.3×10⁵;e	0	0	0	--	0.51	0.72	0.76	--	--
	5.3×10⁵;e	0	0	0	--	0.43	0.59	~0.64	--	--
	1.03×10⁶;e	0	0	0	--	0.34	0.46	~0.54	--	--
Corning 2-63 (3.8 mm)	0	0	0	0	0	0.50	0.87	--	--	--
	4×10⁵;e	0	0	0	0	0.39	0.74	--	--	--
	9×10⁵;e	0	0	0	0	0.34	0.67	--	--	--
Hoya RT-830	0-10⁴;γ	0	0	0	0	0	0	~0.15	0.92	0.70
	10⁵;γ	0	0	0	0	0	0	~0.15	0.87	0.65
	5×10⁵;γ	0	0	0	0	0	0	~0.15	0.79	0.56
Schott RG-715 (3 mm)	0-10⁴;γ	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.94	0.95
	10⁵;γ	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.89	0.91
	5×10⁵;γ	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.80	0.89
Schott RG-780	0-10⁴;γ	--	--	--	--	--	--	~0.06	0.90	0.95
	10⁵;γ	--	--	--	--	--	--	~0.06	0.85	0.91
	5×10⁵;γ	--	--	--	--	--	--	~0.06	0.74	0.87
Schott RG-850 (3 mm)	0-5×10⁵;γ	No Changes
BIREFRINGENT CRYSTALS
Calcite
Supplier A (7.6 mm)	0-10⁶;e	Less than 10% Loss
Supplier B (8.9 mm)	0-4×10⁴;e	--	~0.86	0.92	0.90	0.90	--	--	--	--	Fluoresces: bright orange phosphorescence
	1×10⁵;e	--	~0.82	0.90	0.90	0.90	--	--	--	--
	−2×10⁶;e	--	~0.64	0.70	--	--	--	--	--	--
MgF₂ Sample A (1.3 mm)	0-10⁴;γ	0.91	0.94	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.95	0.95
	5×10⁵;γ	0.90	0.92	0.93	0.94	0.94	0.94	--	--	0.95
MgF₂ Sample B (12 mm	9×10⁵:e	No Changes									Produced absorption at 260 and 367 nm.
Quartz (1.07 mm)	0-10⁴;γ	0.88	0.90	0.91	0.92	0.93	0.93	0.93	0.92	0.92
	10⁵;γ	0.84	0.87	0.88	0.89	0.89	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.91
	5×10⁵;γ	0.80	0.81	0.82	0.83	0.84	0.85	0.86	0.88	0.90
Sapphire (0.41 mm)	0-10⁴;γ	0.85	0.86	0.87	0.88	0.88	0.88	0.88	--	0.88
	5×10⁵;γ	0.83	0.85	0.85	0.86	--	--	0.88	0.88	0.88
GLASS OPTICAL FIBERS	NOTE: CHANGE IN TRANSMITTANCE RECORDED
OTI UV155/7056 (15 cm)	8×10²;e	−0.60	−0.57	−0.65	--	--	−0.60	--	--	--	Purple tint after irradiation.
	1.2×10³;e	−0.72	−0.68	−0.74	--	--	−0.73	--	--	--
	1.6×10³;e	−0.80	−0.80	−0.83	--	--	−0.78	--	--	--
	3.6×10³;e	−0.95	−0.96	−0.97	--	--	−0.97	--	--	--
Corning 5013 (30 cm)	3×10³;e	−0.65	−0.68	−0.62-			−0.30	--	--	--	Yellow tint after Irradiation
	6×10³;e	−0.83	−0.90	−0.82	--	--	−0.50	--	--	--
Fiber Photics Luma-Cord (23 cm)	3.8×10²;e	−0.76	−0.76	−0.73	--	--	−0.46	--	--	--
Electro Fiber Optics (15 cm)	7×10²;e	−0.52	−0.50	−0.42	--	--	−0.24	--	--	--
	1.4×10³;e	−0.72	−0.85	−0.65			−0.33	--	--	--
American Optical	2×10³;e	−0.40	−0.45	−0.38	--	--	−0.22	--	--	--	Acquired yellow tint.
UK50/EN1 (13 cm)	4×10³;e	−0.55	−0.68	−0.63	--	--	−0.62	--	--	--
PLASTIC OPTICAL FIBERS
Fiber Photics (18 cm)	1.6×10⁴;e	Less than 10% Loss									Slightly yellow tint
	3.2×10⁴;e	−0.23	−0.18	−0.16	--	--	−4.14	--	--	--
	8×10⁴;e	−0.30	−0.30	−0.30	--	--	−0.15	--	--	--
	3.2×10⁵;e	−0.48	−0.52	−0.40	--	--	−0.15	--	--	--
	7.1×10⁵;e	−0.60	−0.65	−0.53	--	--	−0.15	--	--	--
United Optical (14 cm)	1.1×10⁴;e	−0.00	−0.00	−0.00	--	--	−0.00	--	--	--
	4.3×10⁴;e	−0.10	−0.04	−0.00	--	--	−0.00	--	--	--
	3.1×10⁵;e	−0.20	−0.30	−0.18	--	--	−0.08	--	--	--
	7.6×10⁵;e	−0.65	−0.58	−0.53	--	--	−0.38	--	--	--
Dupont Crofon (33 cm)	4.25×10⁴;e	-0.00	-0.00	-0.00	--	--	-0.00	--	--	--
	1.27×10⁵;e	−0. 15	−0.20	−0.15	--	--	−0.10	--	--	--
	4.2×10⁵;e	−0.30	−0.60	−0.47			−0.14	--	--	--
	6×10⁵;e	−0.48	−0.70	−0.60	--	--	−0.20	--	--	--
	1×10⁵;e	−0.54	−0.80	−0.68	--	--	−0.30	--	--	--
SILICA OPTICAL FIBERS
Schott (Suprasil) (16.5 cm)	8.5×10²;e	−0.35	\|−0.40	−0.33	--	--	−0.10	--	--	--	Polymer cladding; attained orange color.
	1.7×10³;e	−0.50	−0.60	−0.50	--	--	−0.25	--	--	--
	3.4×10³;e	−0. 70	−0.80	−0.72	--	--	−0.40	--	--	--
	5.1×10³;e	−0.80	−0.89	−0.80	--	--	−0.50	--	--	--
	8.5×10³;e	−0.90	−0.97	−0.90	--	--	−0.70	--	--	--
IIT Suprasil (9 cm)	1.0⁶:e	−0.00	−0.00	−0.00	--	--	−0.00	--	--	--	Unclad.

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