Modulation techniques for an airborne laser scanner

Stanley R. Robinson; Robert C. Chapuran

doi:10.1364/AO.18.003176

Applied Optics
Vol. 18,
Issue 18,
pp. 3176-3183
(1979)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.18.003176

Modulation techniques for an airborne laser scanner

Stanley R. Robinson and Robert C. Chapuran

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Stanley R. Robinson and Robert C. Chapuran, "Modulation techniques for an airborne laser scanner," Appl. Opt. 18, 3176-3183 (1979)

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Abstract

Methods of modulating the laser output power of an airborne scanner which can measure slant range and reflectance are analyzed. The performance factors used in the range measurement are the range ambiguity interval, the range resolution, and the variance of the range estimate. Variance of the estimate is used to compare reflectance measurements. Three modulation techniques—the sinusoid, the FM chirp of a subcarrier, and a pseudonoise (PN) coded pulse train—are shown to have promise. If range ambiguity can be tolerated, the simplicity of the sinusoidal modulation technique makes it a prime contender, while the PN-coded technique shows most promise as detector and laser modulation bandwidth increase.

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	Performance factor

Modulation type	Range variance	Reflectance variance	Range resolution	Range ambiguity interval
Sinusoidal	$\frac{c^{2} N_{0}}{2 π^{2} f_{m}^{2} P_{a}^{2} R^{2} τ_{d}}$	$\frac{4 N_{0}}{P_{a}^{2} R^{2} τ_{d}}$	$\frac{c}{8 f_{m}}$	$\frac{c}{2 f_{m}}$
Linear FM on a subcarrier	$\frac{3 c^{2} N_{0}}{{(π Δ f)}^{2} P_{a}^{2} R^{2} τ_{d}}$	$\frac{4 N_{0}}{P_{a}^{2} R^{2} τ_{d}}$	$\frac{0.45 c}{Δ f}$	$\frac{c τ_{d}}{2}$
Pseudonoise coded on–off	$\frac{π c^{2} N_{0} t_{0}}{8 P_{a}^{2} R^{2} (p + 1)}$	$\frac{2 N_{0}}{P_{a}^{2} R^{2} τ_{d}}$	0.3ct₀	$\frac{c τ_{d}}{2}$

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Applied Optics